The best experience that you could get would be making Dofus kamas
Rarity of Resource: There are many different types of resources that are in the game. Some you will find less Dofus kamas than others. Those are considered rare materials.
Kind of Recipe: Listing for worst to best experience would be Refine, Interim, and Finish. So the best experience that you could get would be making a red con/rare item/pristine/finished item.
You also get bonus experience every time you craft an item that is new to you. When you gain a new level, try to make one of every item in your new book - you will get much more experience crafting 3 new recipes that are all level 10 then from crafting a single level 10 item 3 times.
Where do I get my ingredients? Ingredients are harvested, crafted, or bought from merchants. Different recipes will have different requirements, but there are some basic patterns they follow.
Forge: Coal, Work Bench: Coal, Keg: Coal, Loom: Filament, Chemistry Table: Candle, Sawhorse: Sandpaper, Engraved Desk: Incense
Low level, basic recipes will use harvested items, and will refine these raw materials into an item to use in higher level recipes. Some more advanced recipes will require you to use several refined items.